What is a line scratch?

Definition: Scratches are long and vertical lines of bright or dark intensity, oriented more or less vertically over the image, with width from 3 to 10 pixels

Why it happens?: scratches are caused by the abrasion of the film material during the film transport or the developping process

• the same location in subsequent frames
• lines also as natural parts of the scene (false alarms)

The Spatial Models:

• Kokaram's model
• The proposed model:
  • Black and white model
  • Color model

The Temporal Models:

• Joyeux et al. model

Main references are:

1. A.C. Kokaram, Motion Picture Restoration: Digital Algorithms for Artefacts Suppression in Degraded Motion Picture Film and Video, Springer-Verlag, April 1998.
2. P. Schallauer, A. Pinz, W. Haas, "Automatic Restoration Algorithms for 35mm Film", VIDERE: Journal of Computer Vision Research , The MIT Press, vol.1, n.3,1999.